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:root {
  /* ─── Surfaces ─── */
  --surface-canvas: #f6f1e8;                       /* page background */
  --surface-card:   #fffaf1;                       /* card/panel surface; also ink-on-accent */
  --surface-sunken: #f8efe0;                       /* sub-card, scenario tile, density block */
  --surface-input:  #fffdf8;                       /* form input background */

  /* ─── Ink ─── */
  --ink-strong:    #18211f;                        /* primary body & display text */
  --ink-body:      #3f4d48;                        /* prose, paragraph copy */
  --ink-label:     #31423d;                        /* form labels */
  --ink-muted:     #65716c;                        /* chart captions, diagnostic labels */
  --ink-on-accent: #fffaf1;                        /* text on dark/warm accent surfaces */

  /* ─── Accents ─── */
  --accent-warm:       #d24b2a;                    /* focus, primary action bg, formula border */
  --accent-warm-deep:  #8d3d25;                    /* eyebrow, applet-area label */
  --accent-warm-text:  #7b402b;                    /* warm caption text on light surfaces */
  --accent-deep:       #1f3832;                    /* deep editorial accent, active tab bg */
  --accent-deep-soft:  rgba(31, 56, 50, 0.24);     /* 24%-alpha deep, for inner dividers */
  --accent-gold-light: #f4d481;                    /* gold-gradient start */
  --accent-gold-deep:  #e69d58;                    /* gold-gradient end */

  /* ─── Borders ─── */
  --border-hairline: #cdbfa8;                      /* section dividers */
  --border-card:     #d9cdb8;                      /* card borders */
  --border-input:    #b9aa93;                      /* form input borders */

  /* ─── Chart palette (Okabe-Ito ordered series, color-blind-safe) ─── */
  --chart-series-1: #0072b2;                       /* primary / posterior / sample */
  --chart-series-2: #d55e00;                       /* secondary / likelihood / population */
  --chart-series-3: #009e73;                       /* tertiary / prior / reference */
  --chart-series-4: #cc79a7;                       /* quaternary / additional overlay */
  --chart-region-cool: rgba(31, 56, 50, 0.14);     /* CI bands, selected regions */
  --chart-region-warm: rgba(210, 75, 42, 0.14);    /* rejection regions, highlights */
  --chart-diverging-positive: #0072b2;             /* mirrors --chart-series-1 */
  --chart-diverging-negative: #d55e00;             /* mirrors --chart-series-2 */
  --chart-axis:     #65716c;                       /* axis lines, tick labels */
  --chart-gridline: #d9cdb8;                       /* gridlines (matches --border-card) */
  --chart-label:    #65716c;                       /* in-chart text */

  /* ─── Layout ─── */
  --page-max:      1180px;
  --space-section: 28px;
  --space-card:    22px;
  --space-panel:   18px;
  --space-control: 14px;

  /* ─── Type ─── */
  --type-chart-value: 0.75rem;
  --font-serif:   Georgia, "Times New Roman", serif;
  --font-mono:    "SFMono-Regular", Consolas, "Liberation Mono", monospace;
  --type-display: clamp(1.85rem, 3.4vw, 3rem);     /* catalog/applet/intro big headlines */
  --type-section-title: clamp(1.65rem, 2.8vw, 2.5rem); /* tab/page section headlines */
  --type-topbar:  clamp(1.4rem, 2.2vw, 2rem);      /* topbar h1 */

  /* ─── Root inheritance ─── */
  color: var(--ink-strong);
  background: var(--surface-canvas);
  font-family:
    "Avenir Next", "Segoe UI", "Helvetica Neue", Arial, sans-serif;
  font-synthesis: none;
  line-height: 1.5;
  text-rendering: optimizeLegibility;
}

* {
  box-sizing: border-box;
}

body {
  margin: 0;
  min-width: 320px;
  min-height: 100vh;
}

button {
  font: inherit;
}

button:focus-visible,
a:focus-visible,
input:focus-visible,
select:focus-visible {
  outline: 3px solid var(--accent-warm);
  outline-offset: 3px;
}

.app-shell {
  min-height: 100vh;
  padding: var(--space-section);
}

.topbar {
  display: flex;
  align-items: flex-start;
  justify-content: space-between;
  gap: 24px;
  max-width: var(--page-max);
  margin: 0 auto 32px;
}

.topbar h1 {
  margin: 0;
  font-family: var(--font-serif);
  font-size: var(--type-topbar);
  line-height: 0.98;
  letter-spacing: 0;
}

.topbar-summary {
  max-width: 620px;
  margin: 12px 0 0;
  color: var(--ink-body);
  font-size: 1.02rem;
}

.eyebrow {
  margin: 0 0 8px;
  color: var(--accent-warm-deep);
  font-size: 0.78rem;
  font-weight: 700;
  letter-spacing: 0.08em;
  text-transform: uppercase;
}

.applet-catalog,
.applet-heading {
  max-width: var(--page-max);
  margin: 0 auto;
}

.applet-heading h1 {
  margin: 0;
  font-family: var(--font-serif);
  font-size: var(--type-display);
  line-height: 0.98;
  letter-spacing: 0;
}

.applet-grid {
  display: grid;
  grid-template-columns: repeat(auto-fit, minmax(260px, 1fr));
  gap: 18px;
  margin-top: 22px;
}

.applet-card {
  display: grid;
  gap: 12px;
  align-content: start;
  padding: var(--space-card);
  background: var(--surface-card);
  border: 1px solid var(--border-card);
}

.applet-card h2 {
  margin: 0;
  font-family: var(--font-serif);
  font-size: 1.25rem;
  letter-spacing: 0;
}

.applet-card p {
  margin: 0;
  color: var(--ink-body);
}

.applet-card .secondary-action {
  justify-self: start;
  margin-top: 8px;
  padding: 0 16px;
}

.applet-area {
  color: var(--accent-warm-deep);
  font-size: 0.78rem;
  font-weight: 800;
  text-transform: uppercase;
}

.applet-heading {
  display: grid;
  grid-template-columns: 1fr;
  gap: 18px;
  margin-bottom: 32px;
}

.page-tabs {
  display: flex;
  flex-wrap: wrap;
  justify-content: flex-end;
  gap: 8px;
  padding: 4px;
  border: 1px solid var(--border-hairline);
  background: var(--surface-card);
}

.page-tabs button {
  min-height: 40px;
  border: 0;
  padding: 0 14px;
  background: transparent;
  color: var(--ink-body);
  cursor: pointer;
  transition: background-color 120ms ease, color 120ms ease;
}

.page-tabs button:hover {
  background: var(--surface-sunken);
  color: var(--ink-strong);
}

.page-tabs button.active {
  background: var(--accent-deep);
  color: var(--ink-on-accent);
}

.hero-panel {
  max-width: var(--page-max);
  min-height: 420px;
  margin: 0 auto;
  display: grid;
  align-content: center;
  border-top: 1px solid var(--border-hairline);
  border-bottom: 1px solid var(--border-hairline);
}

.hero-panel h2 {
  max-width: 760px;
  margin: 0 0 20px;
  font-family: var(--font-serif);
  font-size: var(--type-section-title);
  line-height: 1;
  letter-spacing: 0;
}

.hero-panel p:last-child {
  max-width: 720px;
  margin: 0;
  color: var(--ink-body);
  font-size: clamp(0.95rem, 1.15vw, 1.1rem);
}

.explainer-page {
  max-width: var(--page-max);
  margin: 0 auto;
}

.explainer-phase {
  margin-top: var(--space-section);
}

.explainer-phase-header {
  padding: var(--space-card);
  border-top: 4px solid var(--accent-deep);
  border-bottom: 1px solid var(--border-card);
  background: var(--surface-sunken);
}

.explainer-phase-header h3 {
  margin: 0 0 8px;
  font-family: var(--font-serif);
  font-size: clamp(1.35rem, 2.2vw, 2rem);
  line-height: 1.08;
}

.explainer-phase-header p:last-child {
  max-width: 760px;
  margin: 0;
  color: var(--ink-body);
}

.intro-band {
  padding: var(--space-section) 0;
  display: grid;
  align-content: center;
  border-top: 1px solid var(--border-hairline);
  border-bottom: 1px solid var(--border-hairline);
}

.intro-band h2 {
  max-width: 850px;
  margin: 0 0 20px;
  font-family: var(--font-serif);
  font-size: var(--type-display);
  line-height: 0.98;
  letter-spacing: 0;
}

.intro-band p:last-child {
  max-width: 760px;
  margin: 0;
  color: var(--ink-body);
  font-size: clamp(0.95rem, 1.2vw, 1.1rem);
}

.what-page {
  max-width: var(--page-max);
  margin: 0 auto;
}

.what-grid {
  display: grid;
  grid-template-columns: minmax(0, 0.92fr) minmax(0, 1.08fr);
  gap: 22px;
  margin-top: 22px;
}

.what-grid > *,
.comparison-band > *,
.scenario-grid > * {
  min-width: 0;
}

.definition-panel,
.comparison-band,
.scenario-section {
  padding: var(--space-card);
  background: var(--surface-card);
  border: 1px solid var(--border-card);
}

.definition-panel h3,
.comparison-band h3,
.scenario-section h3,
.scenario-card h4 {
  margin: 0 0 12px;
  font-family: var(--font-serif);
  letter-spacing: 0;
}

.definition-panel p,
.comparison-band p,
.scenario-section p,
.scenario-card p {
  margin: 0 0 16px;
  color: var(--ink-body);
}

.stat-callout {
  margin-top: 16px;
  font-size: 1.08rem;
}

.comparison-band {
  display: grid;
  grid-template-columns: repeat(2, minmax(0, 1fr));
  gap: 22px;
  margin-top: 22px;
}

.scenario-section {
  margin-top: 22px;
}

.scenario-grid {
  display: grid;
  grid-template-columns: repeat(auto-fit, minmax(170px, 1fr));
  gap: 12px;
}

.scenario-card {
  padding: 14px;
  border-top: 3px solid var(--accent-deep);
  background: var(--surface-sunken);
}

.scenario-card h4 {
  font-size: 1rem;
}

.math-step {
  display: grid;
  grid-template-columns: minmax(220px, 0.75fr) minmax(0, 1.25fr);
  gap: 28px;
  padding: 34px 0;
  border-bottom: 1px solid var(--border-card);
}

.math-step h3 {
  margin: 0;
  font-family: var(--font-serif);
  font-size: clamp(1.15rem, 1.8vw, 1.5rem);
  line-height: 1.08;
}

.math-step p,
.chart-summary {
  margin: 0 0 16px;
  color: var(--ink-body);
}

.formula-block {
  margin: 0 0 14px;
  padding: var(--space-control) 16px;
  border-left: 4px solid var(--accent-warm);
  background: var(--surface-card);
  overflow-x: auto;
}

.formula-block figcaption {
  margin-bottom: 6px;
  color: var(--accent-warm-text);
  font-size: 0.78rem;
  font-weight: 700;
  text-transform: uppercase;
}

.formula-block code {
  color: var(--ink-strong);
  font-family: var(--font-mono);
  font-size: clamp(0.92rem, 1.3vw, 1.08rem);
}

.formula-stack {
  min-width: 0;
}

.formula-stack .formula-block:last-child {
  margin-bottom: 0;
}

.log-interval-step h3,
.log-interval-step .formula-explanation-pairs,
.log-interval-step .log-interval-strip,
.log-interval-step .key-requirement {
  grid-column: 1 / -1;
}

.formula-explanation-pairs {
  display: grid;
  grid-template-columns: minmax(220px, 0.75fr) minmax(0, 1.25fr);
  gap: 28px;
  align-items: start;
  min-width: 0;
}

.formula-explanation-pairs .formula-block,
.formula-explanation-pairs p {
  margin-bottom: 0;
}

.formula-explanation-pairs .digit-shift-note {
  margin-top: var(--space-control);
  color: var(--ink-muted);
  font-size: 0.9em;
}

.key-requirement {
  padding: 16px 18px;
  border-left: 4px solid var(--accent-deep);
  background: var(--surface-card);
  color: var(--ink-strong);
  font-size: clamp(0.95rem, 1.3vw, 1.1rem);
  font-weight: 700;
}

.formula-math {
  min-width: max-content;
  color: var(--ink-strong);
}

.formula-math .katex {
  font-size: 1.03em;
}

.formula-math .katex-display {
  margin: 0;
  text-align: left;
}

.interval-module {
  grid-column: 1 / -1;
  margin-top: 6px;
}

.interval-strip {
  display: flex;
  width: 100%;
  min-height: 86px;
  border: 1px solid var(--accent-deep);
  background: var(--surface-card);
}

.interval-segment {
  flex: none;
  min-width: 0;
  display: grid;
  align-content: center;
  justify-items: center;
  gap: 4px;
  border-right: 1px solid var(--accent-deep-soft);
  background: linear-gradient(180deg, var(--accent-gold-light), var(--accent-gold-deep));
  color: var(--ink-strong);
  text-align: center;
}

.interval-segment:last-child {
  border-right: 0;
}

.interval-segment span {
  font-weight: 800;
}

.interval-segment small {
  font-size: 0.72rem;
}

.interval-legend {
  display: flex;
  flex-wrap: wrap;
  gap: 8px 18px;
  margin: 10px 0 0;
  padding: 0;
  list-style: none;
  color: var(--ink-muted);
  font-size: 0.82rem;
}

.interval-legend li {
  font-weight: 700;
}

.wrap-visual {
  grid-column: 1 / -1;
  display: grid;
  gap: 16px;
  margin: 18px 0;
}

.wrap-animation,
.wrap-details {
  grid-column: 1 / -1;
}

.wrap-animation {
  padding: var(--space-panel);
  border: 1px solid var(--border-card);
  background: var(--surface-card);
}

.wrap-animation-heading {
  display: flex;
  flex-wrap: wrap;
  align-items: end;
  justify-content: space-between;
  gap: var(--space-panel);
}

.wrap-animation-heading h4 {
  margin: 0;
  font-family: var(--font-serif);
  font-size: 1.15rem;
}

.wrap-animation-heading .eyebrow {
  margin-bottom: calc(var(--space-control) / 2);
}

.wrap-animation-switch {
  display: flex;
  flex-wrap: wrap;
  gap: 0;
}

.wrap-animation-switch button {
  padding: 8px var(--space-control);
  border: 1px solid var(--border-card);
  background: var(--surface-input);
  color: var(--ink-body);
  font-weight: 700;
  cursor: pointer;
}

.wrap-animation-switch button[aria-pressed="true"] {
  border-color: var(--accent-deep);
  background: var(--accent-deep);
  color: var(--ink-on-accent);
}

/* ─── Step 5 stacking animation (WrapAnimation) ─── */
.stack-actions {
  display: flex;
  flex-wrap: wrap;
  gap: 8px;
}

.stack-play {
  min-width: 110px;
  padding: 0 var(--space-panel);
}

.stack-quiet-action {
  min-height: 42px;
  padding: 0 var(--space-control);
  border: 1px solid var(--border-input);
  background: var(--surface-input);
  color: var(--ink-strong);
  font-weight: 700;
  cursor: pointer;
}

.stack-quiet-action:disabled {
  opacity: 0.55;
  cursor: not-allowed;
}

.stack-controls {
  display: grid;
  grid-template-columns: auto minmax(220px, 1fr);
  align-items: end;
  gap: var(--space-control) var(--space-card);
  margin-top: var(--space-panel);
}

.stack-sigma-heading {
  display: flex;
  justify-content: space-between;
  gap: var(--space-control);
}

.stack-sigma-value {
  color: var(--ink-strong);
  font-family: var(--font-mono);
  font-weight: 400;
}

.stack-figure {
  margin-top: var(--space-panel);
  background: var(--surface-sunken);
}

.stack-figure svg {
  display: block;
  width: 100%;
  cursor: crosshair;
}

.stack-title {
  fill: var(--ink-strong);
  font-family: var(--font-serif);
  font-weight: 700;
}

.stack-tick {
  fill: var(--chart-label);
}

.stack-tick-strong {
  fill: var(--ink-body);
}

.stack-grid {
  stroke: var(--chart-gridline);
  stroke-dasharray: 3 3;
}

.stack-uniform {
  stroke: var(--chart-label);
  stroke-width: 1.4;
  stroke-dasharray: 4 4;
}

.stack-uniform-label {
  fill: var(--chart-label);
}

.stack-curve {
  fill: none;
  stroke: var(--accent-deep);
  stroke-width: 2;
}

.stack-smooth {
  fill: none;
  stroke: var(--chart-axis);
  stroke-width: 1.5;
  stroke-dasharray: 3 3;
}

.stack-line {
  fill: var(--chart-axis);
  opacity: 0.45;
}

.stack-line.is-active {
  fill: var(--chart-series-1);
  opacity: 1;
}

.stack-line-trace {
  fill: var(--chart-series-1);
  opacity: 0.25;
}

.stack-piece {
  fill: var(--chart-series-1);
  stroke: var(--surface-sunken);
  stroke-width: 1;
}

.stack-total {
  fill: var(--ink-strong);
  font-family: var(--font-mono);
}

.stack-focus {
  fill: none;
  stroke: var(--accent-deep);
  stroke-dasharray: 3 3;
}



.stack-note {
  margin: 6px 0 0;
  color: var(--ink-muted);
  font-size: 0.82rem;
}

.stack-caption {
  min-height: 3em;
  margin: var(--space-control) 0 0;
  font-family: var(--font-serif);
  font-size: 1.05rem;
}

.stack-readout {
  display: grid;
  gap: 4px;
  margin-top: var(--space-control);
  padding-top: var(--space-control);
  border-top: 1px solid var(--border-card);
  color: var(--ink-body);
  font-size: 0.88rem;
}

.stack-readout b {
  color: var(--accent-warm-text);
}

.stack-readout-terms {
  color: var(--ink-strong);
  font-family: var(--font-mono);
  font-size: 0.82rem;
  overflow-wrap: anywhere;
}

.stack-results {
  display: grid;
  grid-template-columns: minmax(0, 3fr) minmax(0, 2fr);
  gap: var(--space-card);
  margin-top: var(--space-panel);
  padding-top: var(--space-panel);
  border-top: 1px solid var(--border-card);
}

.stack-results h5 {
  margin: 0 0 8px;
  font-family: var(--font-serif);
  font-size: 1rem;
}

.stack-legend {
  display: flex;
  flex-wrap: wrap;
  gap: 6px 18px;
  margin-bottom: var(--space-control);
  color: var(--ink-muted);
  font-size: 0.8rem;
}

.stack-legend i {
  display: inline-block;
  margin-right: 6px;
  vertical-align: middle;
}

.stack-swatch-share {
  width: 12px;
  height: 12px;
  background: var(--chart-series-1);
}

.stack-swatch-benford {
  width: 16px;
  height: 3px;
  background: var(--accent-warm);
}

.stack-digits {
  display: grid;
  grid-template-columns: repeat(9, minmax(0, 1fr));
  gap: 6px;
  align-items: end;
}

.stack-digit {
  display: grid;
  gap: 4px;
  text-align: center;
}

.stack-digit-value {
  color: var(--ink-muted);
  font-family: var(--font-mono);
  font-size: 0.68rem;
}

.stack-digit-column {
  position: relative;
  height: 130px;
  border-bottom: 1px solid var(--chart-axis);
}

.stack-digit-bar {
  position: absolute;
  right: 12%;
  bottom: 0;
  left: 12%;
  background: var(--chart-series-1);
}

.stack-digit-benford {
  position: absolute;
  right: 0;
  left: 0;
  height: 3px;
  margin-bottom: -1.5px;
  background: var(--accent-warm);
}

.stack-digit-label {
  font-family: var(--font-serif);
  font-weight: 700;
}

.stack-stats {
  display: grid;
  gap: var(--space-control);
  align-content: start;
  margin: 0;
}

.stack-stats dt {
  color: var(--ink-muted);
  font-size: 0.74rem;
  font-weight: 700;
  letter-spacing: 0.08em;
  text-transform: uppercase;
}

.stack-stats dd {
  margin: 2px 0 0;
  color: var(--ink-strong);
}

@media (max-width: 760px) {
  .stack-controls,
  .stack-results {
    grid-template-columns: 1fr;
  }
}

.wrap-details {
  padding: var(--space-panel);
  border-top: 1px solid var(--border-hairline);
}

.wrap-details summary {
  color: var(--accent-warm-text);
  font-weight: 700;
  cursor: pointer;
}

.wrap-details[open] summary {
  margin-bottom: var(--space-panel);
}

.wrap-conclusion {
  grid-column: 1 / -1;
  max-width: 860px;
}

.wrap-visual-header {
  padding: 16px;
  background: var(--surface-card);
  border: 1px solid var(--border-card);
}

.wrap-mapping {
  display: grid;
  gap: var(--space-control);
  margin-top: var(--space-panel);
  padding: var(--space-panel);
  border-top: 3px solid var(--accent-deep);
  background: var(--surface-sunken);
}

.wrap-mapping-examples {
  display: grid;
  grid-template-columns: repeat(3, minmax(0, 1fr));
  gap: var(--space-control);
}

.wrap-mapping-example {
  display: grid;
  grid-template-columns: auto minmax(0, 1fr) auto;
  align-items: center;
  gap: calc(var(--space-control) / 2);
  padding: var(--space-control);
  background: var(--surface-card);
  border: 1px solid var(--border-card);
}

.wrap-mapping-example span,
.wrap-mapping-example strong {
  font-family: var(--font-mono);
  font-size: 1rem;
}

.wrap-mapping-example b {
  color: var(--ink-muted);
  font-size: 0.72rem;
  text-align: center;
  text-transform: uppercase;
}

.wrap-mapping-example b::before {
  content: "→ ";
}

.wrap-unit-line {
  position: relative;
  display: flex;
  justify-content: space-between;
  align-items: center;
  min-height: 42px;
  padding-top: var(--space-panel);
  color: var(--ink-muted);
  font-family: var(--font-mono);
  border-top: 2px solid var(--accent-deep);
}

.wrap-unit-line i {
  position: absolute;
  top: -7px;
  left: 20%;
  width: 12px;
  height: 12px;
  background: var(--accent-warm);
}

.wrap-unit-line b {
  position: absolute;
  top: 12px;
  left: 20%;
  color: var(--ink-strong);
  font-family: inherit;
  font-size: 0.78rem;
  transform: translateX(-20%);
}

.wrap-density-intro {
  padding: 0 var(--space-panel);
}

.wrap-density-intro h4 {
  margin-bottom: calc(var(--space-control) / 2);
}

.wrap-density-intro p,
.wrap-window-note {
  margin: 0;
  color: var(--ink-body);
}

.wrap-visual h4,
.wrap-density-heading h5 {
  margin: 0 0 12px;
}

.wrap-visual-header p:last-child,
.wrap-density-heading p,
.wrap-density-summary,
.wrap-density-points {
  margin: 0;
  color: var(--ink-body);
}

.wrap-density-legend {
  display: flex;
  flex-wrap: wrap;
  gap: 12px;
  margin-top: 12px;
  color: var(--ink-body);
  font-size: 0.9rem;
}

.wrap-density-legend span {
  display: inline-flex;
  align-items: center;
  gap: 6px;
}

.legend-swatch {
  width: 18px;
  height: 3px;
  display: inline-block;
}

.legend-swatch.point-two {
  background: var(--chart-series-3);
}

.legend-swatch.point-seven {
  background: var(--chart-series-1);
}

.legend-swatch.uniform-density {
  height: 0;
  border-top: 2px dashed var(--chart-label);
}

.wrap-density-grid {
  display: grid;
  grid-template-columns: repeat(2, minmax(0, 1fr));
  gap: 16px;
}

.wrap-density-panel {
  display: grid;
  gap: 14px;
  min-width: 0;
}

.wrap-density-heading {
  margin-bottom: 12px;
  padding-bottom: 12px;
  border-bottom: 1px solid var(--border-card);
}

.wrap-density-heading h5 {
  font-family: var(--font-serif);
  font-size: 1.15rem;
  letter-spacing: 0;
}

.wrapped-profile-block {
  display: grid;
  gap: 10px;
}

.wrapped-profile-summary {
  margin: 0;
  color: var(--ink-body);
  font-size: 0.9rem;
}

.wrap-density-summary {
  min-height: 48px;
  margin-top: 10px;
}

.wrap-density-points {
  margin-top: 8px;
  font-size: 0.9rem;
}

.wrap-density-values {
  display: grid;
  grid-template-columns: repeat(2, minmax(0, 1fr));
  gap: 10px;
  margin: 14px 0 0;
}

.wrap-density-values div {
  padding: 10px;
  border-top: 3px solid var(--accent-warm);
  background: var(--surface-sunken);
}

.wrap-density-values dt {
  color: var(--accent-warm-text);
  font-size: 0.78rem;
  font-weight: 700;
  text-transform: uppercase;
}

.wrap-density-values dd {
  margin: 4px 0 0;
  font-size: 1.2rem;
  font-weight: 800;
}

.wrap-visual .sr-summary {
  position: absolute;
  width: 1px;
  height: 1px;
  margin: -1px;
  padding: 0;
  overflow: hidden;
  clip: rect(0 0 0 0);
  border: 0;
}

.wrap-window-note {
  padding: var(--space-panel);
  border-left: 4px solid var(--accent-deep);
  background: var(--surface-card);
  font-size: 0.92rem;
}

.lab-page {
  max-width: var(--page-max);
  margin: 0 auto;
}

/* ─── Simulations: Add vs Multiply comparison (AddVsMultiplyLab) ─── */
.avm-lab {
  display: grid;
  gap: var(--space-panel);
  margin-bottom: var(--space-section);
  padding: var(--space-card);
  border: 1px solid var(--border-card);
  background: var(--surface-card);
}

.avm-intro h3 {
  margin: 0;
  font-family: var(--font-serif);
  font-size: 1.35rem;
}

.avm-intro p:last-child {
  max-width: 70ch;
  margin: 8px 0 0;
  color: var(--ink-body);
}


.avm-duel {
  display: grid;
  grid-template-columns: repeat(2, minmax(0, 1fr));
  gap: var(--space-panel);
}

/* Each process gets one series color; it drives the band, paths, bins and digit bars. */
.avm-add { --avm-process: var(--chart-series-3); }
.avm-multiply { --avm-process: var(--chart-series-1); }

.avm-process {
  display: grid;
  gap: var(--space-control);
  align-content: start;
  padding: var(--space-panel);
  border-top: 4px solid var(--avm-process);
  background: var(--surface-input);
}

.avm-process h4 {
  margin: 0;
  font-family: var(--font-serif);
  font-size: 1.1rem;
}

.avm-rule {
  margin: 4px 0 0;
  color: var(--ink-body);
  font-size: 0.9rem;
}

.avm-verdict {
  display: flex;
  flex-wrap: wrap;
  align-items: baseline;
  gap: 6px 10px;
}

.avm-verdict small {
  color: var(--ink-muted);
  font-size: 0.82rem;
}

.avm-verdict small + small {
  flex-basis: 100%;
}

.avm-pill {
  padding: 3px 9px;
  border: 1.5px solid currentColor;
  font-size: 0.72rem;
  font-weight: 800;
  letter-spacing: 0.06em;
  text-transform: uppercase;
}

.avm-pill.is-close { color: var(--accent-deep); }
.avm-pill.is-closer { color: var(--ink-muted); }
.avm-pill.is-far { color: var(--accent-warm-text); }

.avm-chart-note {
  margin: 4px 0 0;
  color: var(--ink-body);
  font-size: 0.84rem;
}

.avm-legend {
  display: flex;
  flex-wrap: wrap;
  gap: 4px 16px;
  margin-bottom: 6px;
  color: var(--ink-muted);
  font-size: 0.78rem;
}

.avm-legend i {
  display: inline-block;
  margin-right: 6px;
  vertical-align: middle;
}

.avm-swatch-process {
  width: 11px;
  height: 11px;
  background: var(--avm-process);
}

.avm-swatch-benford {
  width: 15px;
  height: 3px;
  background: var(--accent-warm);
}

.avm-digits {
  display: grid;
  grid-template-columns: repeat(9, minmax(0, 1fr));
  gap: 5px;
  align-items: end;
  padding: 8px 8px 0;
  background: var(--surface-sunken);
}

.avm-digit {
  display: grid;
  gap: 3px;
  text-align: center;
}

.avm-digit-value {
  color: var(--ink-muted);
  font-variant-numeric: tabular-nums;
  font-size: var(--type-chart-value);
}

.avm-digit-column {
  position: relative;
  height: 110px;
  border-bottom: 1px solid var(--chart-axis);
}

.avm-digit-bar {
  position: absolute;
  right: 14%;
  bottom: 0;
  left: 14%;
  max-height: 100%;
  background: var(--avm-process);
}

.avm-digit-benford {
  position: absolute;
  right: 0;
  left: 0;
  height: 3px;
  margin-bottom: -1.5px;
  background: var(--accent-warm);
}

.avm-digit-label {
  padding-bottom: 6px;
  font-family: var(--font-serif);
  font-weight: 700;
}

.avm-takeaway {
  margin: 0;
  padding: var(--space-control) var(--space-panel);
  border-left: 4px solid var(--accent-deep);
  background: var(--surface-sunken);
  font-family: var(--font-serif);
  font-size: 1.1rem;
  font-weight: 700;
}

@media (max-width: 820px) {
  .avm-duel {
    grid-template-columns: 1fr;
  }

  .avm-digits {
    gap: 2px;
    padding-inline: 4px;
  }

}

.lab-header {
  display: grid;
  gap: 10px;
  margin-bottom: 24px;
  padding: var(--space-section) 0;
  border-top: 1px solid var(--border-hairline);
  border-bottom: 1px solid var(--border-hairline);
}

.lab-header h2 {
  margin: 0;
  font-family: var(--font-serif);
  font-size: var(--type-section-title);
  line-height: 1;
}

.lab-header p:last-child {
  max-width: 740px;
  margin: 0;
  color: var(--ink-body);
  font-size: 1.08rem;
}

.lab-layout {
  display: grid;
  grid-template-columns: 1fr;
  gap: 16px;
  align-items: start;
}

.lab-result-peek {
  position: sticky;
  top: 0;
  z-index: 1;
  margin: 0;
  padding: var(--space-control);
  border-left: 4px solid var(--accent-deep);
  background: var(--surface-sunken);
  color: var(--ink-body);
  font-weight: 700;
}

.control-panel,
.diagnostic-summary {
  display: grid;
  gap: 14px;
  padding: var(--space-panel);
  background: var(--surface-card);
  border: 1px solid var(--border-card);
}

.control-row {
  display: grid;
  grid-template-columns: repeat(4, minmax(150px, 1fr));
  gap: 14px;
  align-items: end;
}

.control-row:first-child {
  grid-template-columns:
    minmax(240px, 1.2fr) minmax(180px, 0.8fr)
    repeat(2, minmax(120px, 1fr));
}

.control-row-spacer {
  min-height: 1px;
}

.control-panel label {
  display: grid;
  gap: 5px;
  color: var(--ink-label);
  font-size: 0.88rem;
  font-weight: 700;
}

.model-guidance {
  display: grid;
  gap: 8px;
  padding: var(--space-control);
  border: 1px solid var(--border-card);
  background: var(--surface-sunken);
}

.model-guidance h3 {
  margin: 0;
  font-family: var(--font-serif);
  font-size: 1.05rem;
}

.model-guidance p {
  margin: 0;
  color: var(--ink-body);
  font-size: 0.9rem;
}

.guidance-columns {
  display: grid;
  grid-template-columns: repeat(4, minmax(0, 1fr));
  gap: 12px;
}

.control-panel input:not([type="range"]),
.control-panel select {
  min-height: 40px;
  width: 100%;
  border: 1px solid var(--border-input);
  border-radius: 0;
  padding: 0 10px;
  background: var(--surface-input);
  color: var(--ink-strong);
  font: inherit;
  transition: border-color 120ms ease;
}

.control-panel select {
  appearance: none;
  -webkit-appearance: none;
  padding-right: 32px;
  background-image: url("data:image/svg+xml;utf8,<svg xmlns='http://www.w3.org/2000/svg' viewBox='0 0 12 12' fill='%2331423d'><polygon points='2,4 6,8 10,4'/></svg>");
  background-repeat: no-repeat;
  background-position: right 10px center;
  background-size: 12px 12px;
}

.control-panel input[type="number"]::-webkit-inner-spin-button,
.control-panel input[type="number"]::-webkit-outer-spin-button {
  opacity: 0.55;
}

.control-panel input:not([type="range"]):hover,
.control-panel select:hover {
  border-color: var(--ink-label);
}

.control-panel input:not([type="range"]):focus,
.control-panel select:focus {
  border-color: var(--accent-warm);
}

/* RangeInput: paired slider + number input, kept in sync in SimulationControls.
   The number carries the visible label; the slider sits beneath it. Track is a
   hairline; the thumb is a sharp-cornered --accent-warm square, on system. */
.range-field {
  display: grid;
  gap: 8px;
  align-content: end;
  color: var(--ink-label);
  font-size: 0.88rem;
  font-weight: 700;
}

.range-slider {
  -webkit-appearance: none;
  appearance: none;
  width: 100%;
  height: 20px;
  background: transparent;
  cursor: pointer;
}

.range-slider:focus-visible {
  outline: 3px solid var(--accent-warm);
  outline-offset: 3px;
}

.range-slider::-webkit-slider-runnable-track {
  height: 2px;
  background: var(--border-input);
}

.range-slider::-moz-range-track {
  height: 2px;
  background: var(--border-input);
}

.range-slider::-webkit-slider-thumb {
  -webkit-appearance: none;
  appearance: none;
  width: 16px;
  height: 16px;
  margin-top: -7px;
  border: 0;
  border-radius: 0;
  background: var(--accent-warm);
}

.range-slider::-moz-range-thumb {
  width: 16px;
  height: 16px;
  border: 0;
  border-radius: 0;
  background: var(--accent-warm);
}

.guidance-threshold {
  margin: 0;
  color: var(--ink-muted);
  font-size: 0.85rem;
}

.secondary-action {
  min-height: 42px;
  border: 0;
  background: var(--accent-warm);
  color: var(--ink-on-accent);
  cursor: pointer;
  font-weight: 800;
  transition: opacity 120ms ease;
}

.secondary-action:disabled {
  opacity: 0.55;
  cursor: not-allowed;
  pointer-events: none;
}

.control-row .secondary-action {
  align-self: end;
}

.diagnostic-summary {
  grid-template-columns: repeat(4, minmax(120px, 1fr));
}

.diagnostic-summary div {
  display: grid;
  gap: 4px;
}

.diagnostic-summary span {
  color: var(--ink-muted);
  font-size: 0.78rem;
  font-weight: 700;
  text-transform: uppercase;
}

.diagnostic-summary strong {
  font-size: 1.25rem;
}

.diagnostic-summary p {
  grid-column: 1 / -1;
  margin: 0;
  color: var(--ink-body);
}

.diagnostic-summary .seed-readout {
  margin-left: 8px;
  padding-left: 10px;
  border-left: 1px solid var(--border-card);
  color: var(--ink-muted);
  font-size: 0.78rem;
  font-weight: 700;
  letter-spacing: 0.04em;
  text-transform: uppercase;
}

.diagnostic-summary .seed-readout strong {
  margin-left: 4px;
  color: var(--ink-strong);
  font-size: 0.95rem;
}

.diagnostic-summary strong small {
  margin-left: 4px;
  color: var(--ink-muted);
  font-size: 0.7em;
  font-weight: 700;
  letter-spacing: 0.04em;
  text-transform: uppercase;
}

.diagnostic-summary small.metric-note {
  color: var(--ink-muted);
  font-size: 0.76rem;
  font-weight: 400;
  line-height: 1.35;
}

.chart-grid-caption {
  margin: 22px 0 0;
  color: var(--ink-muted);
  font-size: 0.92rem;
}

.chart-grid {
  display: grid;
  grid-template-columns: repeat(2, minmax(0, 1fr));
  gap: 22px;
  margin-top: 12px;
}

.chart-frame {
  min-width: 0;
  padding: var(--space-panel);
  background: var(--surface-card);
  border: 1px solid var(--border-card);
}

.chart-heading {
  margin-bottom: 12px;
}

.chart-heading h3 {
  margin: 0 0 4px;
  font-family: var(--font-serif);
  font-size: 1.25rem;
}

.chart-heading p {
  margin: 0;
  color: var(--ink-muted);
  font-size: 0.92rem;
}

.chart-canvas {
  width: 100%;
  min-height: 240px;
}

.sr-summary {
  margin: 0;
  color: var(--ink-body);
}

.visually-hidden {
  position: absolute;
  width: 1px;
  height: 1px;
  margin: -1px;
  padding: 0;
  overflow: hidden;
  clip: rect(0 0 0 0);
  border: 0;
}

@media (max-width: 1024px) {
  .control-row,
  .control-row:first-child,
  .guidance-columns {
    grid-template-columns: repeat(2, minmax(0, 1fr));
  }

  .diagnostic-summary {
    grid-template-columns: repeat(2, minmax(0, 1fr));
  }
}

@media (max-width: 760px) {
  .app-shell {
    padding: 18px;
  }

  .topbar {
    display: block;
  }

  .topbar .secondary-action {
    margin-top: 18px;
  }

  .applet-heading {
    display: block;
  }

  .page-tabs {
    margin-top: 20px;
    justify-content: stretch;
  }

  .page-tabs button {
    flex: 1 1 180px;
  }

  .math-step,
  .formula-explanation-pairs,
  .wrap-density-grid,
  .lab-layout,
  .control-row,
  .control-row:first-child,
  .guidance-columns,
  .chart-grid,
  .what-grid,
  .comparison-band,
  .scenario-grid {
    grid-template-columns: 1fr;
  }

  .diagnostic-summary {
    grid-template-columns: repeat(2, minmax(0, 1fr));
  }

  .wrap-mapping-examples {
    grid-template-columns: 1fr;
  }

}

/* A short worked example leads into the optional symbolic derivation. */
.worked-example {
  display: grid;
  gap: var(--space-control);
  padding-inline-start: var(--space-card);
  color: var(--ink-body);
}

.derivation-details {
  padding: var(--space-panel);
  border: 1px solid var(--border-card);
  background: var(--surface-card);
}

/* The quiz keeps one decision in view at a time and reuses the editorial panel language. */
.quiz-page {
  max-width: var(--page-max);
  margin: 0 auto;
}

.quiz-panel,
.quiz-results {
  margin-top: var(--space-section);
  padding: var(--space-card);
  border: 1px solid var(--border-card);
  background: var(--surface-card);
}

.quiz-progress {
  display: flex;
  justify-content: space-between;
  gap: var(--space-control);
  padding-bottom: var(--space-control);
  border-bottom: 1px solid var(--border-hairline);
  color: var(--ink-muted);
  font-size: 0.82rem;
  font-weight: 700;
  letter-spacing: 0.04em;
  text-transform: uppercase;
}

.quiz-question {
  min-width: 0;
  margin: 0;
  padding: var(--space-card) 0;
  border: 0;
}

.quiz-question legend {
  width: 100%;
  padding: 0;
  color: var(--ink-strong);
  font-family: var(--font-serif);
  font-size: clamp(1.35rem, 2.2vw, 1.8rem);
  font-weight: 700;
  line-height: 1.2;
}

.quiz-options {
  display: grid;
  gap: var(--space-control);
  margin-top: var(--space-panel);
}

.quiz-option {
  display: grid;
  grid-template-columns: auto minmax(0, 1fr);
  align-items: start;
  gap: var(--space-control);
  padding: var(--space-control);
  border: 1px solid var(--border-input);
  background: var(--surface-input);
  color: var(--ink-body);
  cursor: pointer;
}

.quiz-option:hover {
  border-color: var(--accent-deep);
}

.quiz-option:has(input:checked) {
  border-color: var(--accent-deep);
  background: var(--surface-sunken);
  color: var(--ink-strong);
}

.quiz-option.quiz-option-correct {
  border-color: var(--accent-deep);
  border-left: 4px solid var(--accent-deep);
  background: var(--surface-sunken);
  color: var(--ink-strong);
}

.quiz-correct-label,
.quiz-selected-label {
  display: block;
  margin-top: var(--space-control);
  font-size: 0.82rem;
  font-weight: 700;
  letter-spacing: 0.04em;
  text-transform: uppercase;
}

.quiz-correct-label {
  color: var(--accent-deep);
}

.quiz-selected-label {
  color: var(--accent-warm-text);
}

.quiz-option:has(input:disabled) {
  cursor: default;
}

.quiz-option:has(input:disabled):not(:has(input:checked)):not(.quiz-option-correct):hover {
  border-color: var(--border-input);
}

.quiz-option input {
  margin: 0.25em 0 0;
  accent-color: var(--accent-deep);
}

.quiz-action {
  min-width: 150px;
  padding: 0 var(--space-panel);
}

.quiz-response {
  display: grid;
  gap: var(--space-panel);
}

.quiz-feedback {
  padding: var(--space-panel);
  border-left: 4px solid var(--accent-deep);
  background: var(--surface-sunken);
  color: var(--ink-body);
}

.quiz-feedback strong {
  color: var(--ink-strong);
}

.quiz-response .quiz-action {
  justify-self: start;
}

.quiz-results {
  display: grid;
  gap: var(--space-panel);
}

.quiz-results p {
  margin: 0;
  color: var(--ink-body);
  font-size: 1.08rem;
}

.quiz-results .secondary-action {
  justify-self: start;
  padding: 0 var(--space-panel);
}

.quiz-missed h3 {
  margin: 0 0 var(--space-control);
  color: var(--ink-strong);
  font-family: var(--font-serif);
  font-size: 1.4rem;
}

.quiz-missed ul {
  margin: var(--space-panel) 0 0;
  padding: 0;
  list-style: none;
}

.quiz-missed li {
  display: flex;
  flex-wrap: wrap;
  justify-content: space-between;
  gap: var(--space-control);
  padding: var(--space-control) 0;
  border-top: 1px solid var(--border-hairline);
}

.quiz-missed a {
  color: var(--accent-warm-text);
  font-weight: 700;
  text-underline-offset: 0.2em;
}

.quiz-result-actions {
  display: flex;
  flex-wrap: wrap;
  gap: var(--space-control);
}

@media (max-width: 480px) {
  .quiz-progress {
    display: grid;
  }

  .interval-segment small {
    display: none;
  }
}

.number-mapping { background: var(--surface-card); border: 1px solid var(--border-card); padding: var(--space-card); }
.mapping-controls { display: flex; align-items: center; flex-wrap: wrap; gap: var(--space-control); }
.mapping-controls label { display: flex; align-items: center; gap: var(--space-control); font-weight: 700; }
.mapping-controls select { padding: 0.5em; background: var(--surface-input); color: var(--ink-strong); border: 1px solid var(--border-input); font: inherit; }
.mapping-controls > span { color: var(--ink-muted); }
.mapping-stage { min-height: 230px; padding: var(--space-section) 0; }
.mapping-equation { font-size: clamp(1.3rem, 3vw, 2.4rem); color: var(--ink-strong); font-variant-numeric: tabular-nums; animation: mapping-arrive 450ms ease-out; }
.mapping-equation strong { color: var(--accent-warm-deep); }
.mapping-scale { color: var(--ink-muted); }
.mapping-stage p:last-child { max-width: 65ch; }
.mapping-axis { display: flex; justify-content: space-between; gap: var(--space-control); font-size: var(--type-chart-value); color: var(--ink-body); }
.mapping-runway { position: relative; height: 90px; border-bottom: 1px solid var(--border-hairline); }
.mapping-marker { position: absolute; top: 0; transform: translateX(-50%); color: var(--accent-warm-deep); text-align: center; transition: top 650ms ease-in-out; z-index: 1; }
.mapping-marker span { display: block; background: var(--surface-card); font-weight: 800; }
.mapping-marker.has-landed { top: 42px; }
.mapping-segments { display: flex; border: 1px solid var(--accent-deep); }
.mapping-segments > div { min-width: 0; text-align: center; padding: var(--space-panel) 0; background: var(--accent-gold-light); border-right: 1px solid var(--accent-deep-soft); color: var(--ink-strong); }
.mapping-segments > div.is-selected { background: var(--accent-deep); color: var(--ink-on-accent); }
.mapping-result { min-height: 6em; font-variant-numeric: tabular-nums; }
.mapping-conclusion { margin-top: var(--space-section); border-top: 1px solid var(--border-hairline); padding-top: var(--space-panel); }
@keyframes mapping-arrive { from { opacity: 0; transform: translateY(-14px); } to { opacity: 1; transform: translateY(0); } }
@media (max-width: 600px) {
  .number-mapping { padding: var(--space-control); }
  .mapping-stage { min-height: 260px; }
}
@media (prefers-reduced-motion: reduce) {
  .mapping-equation, .crowd-dot { animation: none; }
  .mapping-marker, .crowd-bin, .crowd-uniform, .crowd-digit-bar { transition: none; }
}

/* Many numbers at once (NumberMappingAnimation's NumberCrowd) */
.crowd { display: grid; gap: var(--space-control); margin-top: var(--space-section); padding-top: var(--space-panel); border-top: 1px solid var(--border-hairline); }
.crowd-header h4 { margin: 0; font-family: var(--font-serif); font-size: 1.15rem; }
.crowd-header p { margin: 4px 0 0; max-width: 65ch; color: var(--ink-body); }
.crowd-panels { display: grid; grid-template-columns: repeat(2, minmax(0, 1fr)); gap: var(--space-card); align-items: start; }
.crowd-label { margin: 0 0 6px; color: var(--ink-muted); font-size: 0.76rem; font-weight: 700; letter-spacing: 0.06em; text-transform: uppercase; }
.crowd-bins { position: relative; display: flex; align-items: flex-end; gap: 3px; height: 150px; padding: 0 2px; background: var(--surface-sunken); border-bottom: 1px solid var(--chart-axis); }
.crowd-bin { flex: 1; min-width: 0; background: var(--chart-series-1); transition: height 120ms linear; }
.crowd-uniform { position: absolute; right: 0; left: 0; border-top: 1.5px dashed var(--chart-label); transition: bottom 120ms linear; }
.crowd-uniform span { position: absolute; right: 4px; bottom: 2px; color: var(--chart-label); font-size: 0.72rem; }
.crowd-segments { position: relative; margin-top: 6px; }
.crowd-segments > div { padding: 10px 0; }
.crowd-dot { position: absolute; top: 3px; bottom: 3px; width: 0; border-left: 2px solid var(--accent-deep); opacity: 0.55; animation: mapping-arrive 300ms ease-out; }
.crowd-digits { display: grid; grid-template-columns: repeat(9, minmax(0, 1fr)); gap: 5px; align-items: end; padding: 8px 8px 0; background: var(--surface-sunken); }
.crowd-digit { display: grid; gap: 3px; text-align: center; }
.crowd-digit-value { color: var(--ink-muted); font-family: var(--font-mono); font-size: 0.66rem; font-variant-numeric: tabular-nums; }
.crowd-digit-column { position: relative; height: 150px; border-bottom: 1px solid var(--chart-axis); }
.crowd-digit-bar { position: absolute; right: 14%; bottom: 0; left: 14%; background: var(--chart-series-1); transition: height 120ms linear; }
.crowd-digit-benford { position: absolute; right: 0; left: 0; height: 3px; margin-bottom: -1.5px; background: var(--accent-warm); }
.crowd-digit-label { padding-bottom: 6px; font-family: var(--font-serif); font-weight: 700; }
.crowd-legend { display: flex; flex-wrap: wrap; gap: 4px 16px; margin-top: 6px; color: var(--ink-muted); font-size: 0.78rem; }
.crowd-legend i { display: inline-block; margin-right: 6px; vertical-align: middle; }
.crowd-swatch-share { width: 11px; height: 11px; background: var(--chart-series-1); }
.crowd-swatch-benford { width: 15px; height: 3px; background: var(--accent-warm); }
.crowd-conclusion { margin: 0; padding: var(--space-control) var(--space-panel); border-left: 4px solid var(--accent-deep); background: var(--surface-sunken); font-family: var(--font-serif); font-size: 1.05rem; }
@media (max-width: 760px) { .crowd-panels { grid-template-columns: 1fr; } }

.mapping-log-chain { display: flex; flex-wrap: wrap; align-items: baseline; column-gap: 0.3em; }
.mapping-log-chain > span { white-space: nowrap; }

.quiz-distribution-sketch { display: block; width: 100%; max-width: 550px; height: auto; margin-inline: auto; font-size: 20px; }
.quiz-question .chart-frame { margin-block: var(--space-panel); }